When symptoms or a disease occur without an identifiable cause, and there is a suspicion that allergies may be involved, it is crucial to conduct allergy testing to identify the specific allergens responsible. Identifying these allergens is essential for proper treatment and effective management of the underlying cause.
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Allergy and Symptoms Caused by Allergens
Allergy symptoms arise when our bodies come into contact with allergens, which can occur through different pathways, including inhalation. These allergens stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and release histamine, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, tissue swelling, rashes, itching, and hives.
Common allergy symptoms include asthma, chest tightness, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching. While these symptoms are generally not life-threatening, they can significantly impact one’s quality of life. In severe cases, individuals with intense allergies may experience asthma attacks that result in oxygen deprivation, with potentially serious consequences.
Do You Know What You’re Allergic To?
Allergy to Insects
Cockroach Allergy: Cockroaches in the home can aggravate asthma. Proteins found in cockroach saliva are important allergens, while cockroach feces and bodies also contain allergens. Many people mistakenly believe that pet allergies are caused by animal fur, but this is incorrect.
Allergy to Dogs or Cats
The primary allergen in dogs is actually a protein found in their dander, saliva, and urine. Symptoms of dog or cat allergies include coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and hives. These symptoms typically appear within 30 minutes of contact with the animal. Individuals who keep pets in their bedrooms or work closely with animals, such as veterinarians and pet groomers, are at greater risk.
Allergy to Dust Mites
Dust Mite Allergy: Dust mites are found in household dust, on the floor, and on items like cushions, blankets, and pillows. They feed on dead skin cells and other organic material. House dust mite allergies occur because their dead bodies contain proteins that can trigger allergic reactions. When we inhale or come into contact with dead dust mites, our immune system produces antibodies, releasing histamine, which causes inflammation in the respiratory tract and can lead to respiratory infections and asthma. Dust mite allergies can also be hereditary, causing skin reactions and itching.
Allergy to Mold
Allergic reactions to mold typically present as respiratory symptoms, including nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and runny nose. In severe cases, mold allergies can lead to asthma attacks and facial swelling.
Testing for Allergens
Allergy testing can identify specific allergens responsible for allergic reactions. Common allergens tested include:
- Cockroach: American cockroach, German cockroach
- Pet Allergens: Dog epithelium, standardized cat epithelium
- Household Allergens: House dust concentrate, cotton linters, kapok, standardized mite (D. Farinae, D. Pteronyssinus)
- Pollen: Timothy grass, Bermuda grass, Acacia
- Mold: Mixed Aspergillus, Candida albicans, Cladosporium
- Foods and Miscellaneous: Mixed shellfish, peanut, wheat grain
- Animal Allergens: Mixed skin test (chick, duck, goose)
If you suspect an allergy, testing by a healthcare provider can help identify the exact allergens causing your symptoms. Proper diagnosis can lead to better management and treatment options, improving quality of life.
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