Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)  is a disease related to abnormalities in the immune system, where it works against the body’s own tissues and causes inflammation in various organs. The severity of the disease can vary.

Risk factors:

Some factors that may increase the risk of developing autoimmune disease SLE include:

Gender:  SLE is more common in females.

Age:  Although SLE can affect people of all ages, it mostly occurs in women of reproductive age.

Ethnicity: SLE is more common in African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American populations.

Causes of SLE:

The causes of autoimmune disease SLE can be a combination of various factors, such as:

• Genetics
• Environmental factors such as sunlight (ultraviolet radiation) and stress
• Viral infections or other diseases
• Certain medications like Methyldopa, Procainamide, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Chlorpromazine, etc.

Common symptoms:

Patients may experience intermittent symptoms, and the manifestations of the disease can vary from person to person. Some common general symptoms include:

• Red rash on the face or areas exposed to the sun
• Joint pain in both wrists and hands
• Swollen legs
• Hair loss
• Sores in the mouth
• Kidney inflammation, blood in urine, or abnormal foam
• Inflammation of the lungs or heart
• Anemia, low white blood cell count, or low platelet count
• Brain involvement leading to seizures

Diagnosis of SLE:

Specialist doctors will conduct evaluations, laboratory tests, and blood tests related to the immune system (such as Antinuclear antibody or ANA)  to make a definitive diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment.

Treatment:

SLE is a chronic disease, so long-term management is necessary. Patients may need to take medication regularly even during periods of remission. The doctor will assess the severity and plan the treatment accordingly. Treatment options may include immunosuppressive drugs, immune modulators, or corticosteroids, depending on the individual case.

Self-care for SLE patients:

1. Ensure sufficient sleep
2. Manage stress
3. Avoid sunlight or wear protective clothing and use sunscreen with SPF greater than 55 when going outdoors
4. Prevent infections by consuming clean food
5. Follow the prescribed medication regimen as directed by the doctor.

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