Depression is a mental illness that is increasingly common, but many people are not aware that it requires treatment from a psychiatrist. It is often misunderstood as "overthinking" and is often dismissed with comforting words like "don't think too much." However, such approaches do not significantly improve the patient's depressive mood.
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Factors and Causes that Lead to Depression
The symptoms of depression can be triggered by various factors, such as stress or pressure in life, including illness, loss, disappointment, failed exams, heartbreak, infidelity, and many others. However, it is also possible for individuals to develop depression without any apparent psychological impact. Due to the intensity of depressive symptoms, which can lead to changes in brain chemistry (neurotransmitters), individuals experiencing such symptoms should seek treatment, primarily focusing on the use of antidepressant medication.
These warning signs of depression, if present for more than two weeks, should prompt a visit to a doctor.
Depression is not simply a result of “difficulty adjusting” to stress because if that were the case, the depressive state would gradually diminish over time. The type of depression that warrants consideration is when someone experiences continuous symptoms for more than two weeks, leading to impairments in functioning, including relationships with others. This is when we should think about “depression” and seek medical attention, as there are various ways to assess the symptoms:
Mood:
- Lack of cheerfulness, joylessness, loss of interest
- Feelings of sadness, despair, and hopelessness
- Irritability, easy agitation, vulnerability to words
Thinking:
- Lack of concentration at work, decreased memory
- Negative outlook, inability to see positive aspects in oneself
- Feeling guilty (unreasonably), feeling worthless
- Thoughts of self-harm or not wanting to continue living
Physical Symptoms:
- Fatigue, lack of energy, sluggishness
- Headaches, muscle aches
- Difficulty sleeping, restless sleep, waking up in the middle of the night (insomnia)
- Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, lack of enthusiasm
It’s important to note that these are general symptoms of depression, and a proper diagnosis should be made by a medical professional. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is advisable to seek help and support from a healthcare provider.
Treatment of depression, medication, and psychotherapy
Currently, the treatment of depression has shown great effectiveness. The treatment typically involves the use of antidepressant medications, which come in various types depending on the individual’s response to each type of medication.
Generally, doctors start with a low dose of medication and then consider increasing the dosage until it reaches a therapeutic level. This process usually takes about 4-6 weeks. If there is no improvement, the doctor may consider switching to a different medication. Therefore, patients should receive continuous treatment.
In addition to medication, psychiatrists provide therapy through “cognitive-behavioral therapy” to help patients develop a positive outlook on themselves and the outside world. This therapy aims to help patients see solutions to their problems, become aware of their own potential in facing life’s challenges, and make changes in their lifestyle to create a sense of joy and openness in life.
In cases where depression is severe, such as when there is a high risk of self-harm or when there are accompanying mental health conditions, such as anxiety, psychosis, or suicidal thoughts, psychiatrists may admit patients to a hospital for treatment. During this time, close relatives are involved in the care to prevent potential harm.
Once the patient’s depression symptoms improve with medication, it is important not to stop taking the medication on their own, as it may lead to a relapse of depression. The doctor will consider gradually reducing the medication (to the lowest effective dose) over the course of several years until it can be discontinued.
Living with a depressed individual:
- Listen: Provide opportunities for the patient to express their feelings and emotions without judgment or repeated emphasis.
- Encourage: Engage the patient in enjoyable activities or nature walks.
- Take care: Ensure that the patient takes medication regularly and on time.
Seek medical advice immediately if you notice that the patient has thoughts of self-harm.
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