What causes chronic back pain?

Back pain is a common symptom experienced by people of all genders and ages, especially those who work long hours or sit in improper positions.

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Chronic Back Pain

Some individuals may experience mild back pain that resolves on its own, while others may suffer from severe and chronic discomfort that significantly affects their daily lives. Therefore, it is essential to understand the underlying causes of back pain in order to seek appropriate and timely treatment.

Why Do We Experience Back Pain?

Back pain refers to aching, stiffness, tension, or soreness in the back. It may result from improper spinal positioning over extended periods, such as sitting for long hours at work or using a computer setup that does not support proper ergonomics. Additionally, incorrect movements—such as lifting heavy objects or twisting the neck or back—can lead to chronic back pain over time.

Risk Factors for Back Pain:

Lack of Physical Activity: Weak spinal muscles may provide inadequate support.
Obesity or Overweight: Excess body weight places additional stress on the spine.
Heavy Lifting: Frequently lifting heavy objects increases the risk of injury.
Prolonged Sitting: Office jobs or floor-based work can contribute to discomfort.
Vibrations and Shocks: Activities such as driving or riding motorcycles can trigger pain.
Stress or Anxiety: Emotional stress can contribute to physical muscle tension and discomfort.

Symptoms of Back Pain:

Pain in the back that may radiate to the hips or legs
Numbness or tingling sensations along affected nerves
Dull, persistent pain with no significant relief
Pain triggered or worsened by certain positions, coughing, sneezing, or twisting
Difficulty urinating or pain in the lower back or genital area

Treatment Based on Symptoms – Not Always Surgery

Treatment for chronic back pain depends on the duration and severity of spinal structural damage. There are three primary approaches:

1. Conservative Treatment:

Includes physical therapy and medication to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

2. Surgical Treatment:

Recommended when conservative methods are ineffective or when structural correction is required.

3. Non-Surgical Spine Interventions:

Minimally invasive procedures that help relieve back pain without surgery:

Selective Nerve Root Block (SNRB):
Injection of medication into the affected nerve roots in the cervical or lumbar spine to reduce localized pain.
Nucleoplasty:
Uses radiofrequency energy to reduce the pressure inside intervertebral discs by liquefying a portion of the gel-like nucleus.
Vertebroplasty:
A procedure that involves injecting bone cement into a fractured vertebra to restore bone density and provide immediate pain relief, performed under fluoroscopic guidance (C-arm).
Balloon Kyphoplasty:
Insertion of a balloon into a compressed vertebra to restore height, followed by injection of bone cement to stabilize the spine and reduce deformity.

Conclusion

If you are experiencing back pain, it is recommended to consult a spine specialist to identify the root cause and receive targeted treatment. Early and accurate intervention can reduce pain, prevent long-term complications, and improve your quality of life.